The Medieval Crusades were a series of military campaigns during the Middle Ages which formed as a response primarily to Moslem expansion into the Byzantine Empire and the European continent. The First Crusade occurred between 1095-1099 AD and The Ninth Crusade occurred between 1271–1272 AD. The four Crusader States were formed as a result of the First Crusade which also resulted in establishing the most prominent of the military orders - the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller and the Teutonic Knights.
The First Crusade occurred between 1095-1099 AD and The Ninth Crusade occurred between 1271–1272 AD. The four Crusader States formed as a result of the First Crusade which also resulted in the forming of the most prominent of the military orders - the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller and the Teutonic Knights.
Prior to the rise of Muhammad and the unification of the Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam, the tribes of Arabia lived as self-governing sedentary and nomadic communities and often raided their neighboring tribes. Following the conquests under Muhammad of the Arabian Peninsula, the region became unified as the tribes were forced to adopt Islam. The range can be used for the various Arabic tribes prior to the Islamic armies of the first caliphate through the end of the various Crusades and possibly even into the 16th Century AD.